Skype

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Skype was founded in 2003 by Janus Friis from Denmark and Niklas Zennström from Sweden.^[27] The Skype software was created by the Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan Tallinn^[28] The first public beta version was released on 29 August 2003.^[29]

In June 2005, Skype entered into an agreement with the Polish web portal Onet.pl.^[30] On 12 September 2005, eBay Inc. agreed to acquire Luxembourg-based Skype Technologies SA for approximately US$2.5 billion in up-front cash and eBay stock, plus potential performance-based consideration.^[31]

On 1 September 2009, it was announced that eBay was selling 65% of Skype to Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board for US$1.9 billion, valuing Skype at US$2.75 billion.

Skype /ˈskaip/ is a telecommunications application software that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls from computers, tablets and mobile devices via the Internet to other devices or telephones/smartphones.  Skype is available to download onto computers running Microsoft Windows mac or Linux, as well as Andriod blackberry and Windows phone smarphones and tablets. Much of the service is free but users require Skype Credit or a subscription to call landline or mobile numbers. Skype is based on a freemium model.

First released in August 2003, Skype was created by Dane Jansus Friisand Swede Niklas Zennström in cooperation with Estonians Ahti Heinla,Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan Tallinn, who developed the backend which was also used in music-sharing application Kazaa. In September 2005,eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board announced the acquisition of 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion fromeBay, valuing the business at $2.75 billion. Skype was later acquired byMicrosoft in May 2011 for $8.5 billion. Microsoft's Skype division headquarters are in Luxembourg, but most of the development team and 44% of the overall employees of the division are still situated inTallinn and Tartu, Estonia.^[21][22][23]

Skype allows users to communicate by voice using a microphone, video by using a webcam, and instant messaging over the Internet. Skype-to-Skype calls to other users are free of charge, while calls to landline telephones and mobile phones (over traditional telephone networks) are charged via a debit-based user account system called Skype Credit.

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photoscape

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PhotoScape is a graphics editing program, developed by MOOII Tech, Korea. The basic concept of PhotoScape is 'easy and fun', so that allows users to easily edit photographs taken from their digital cameras or even mobile phones. PhotoScape provides a simple user interface to perform common photo enhancements including color adjustment, cutting, resizing, printing and GIF animation. Photoscape operates in Microsoft Windowssystems and Mac. It is not available in Linux systems. Its default languages are English and Korean, with additional language packages available for download.

Version 3.7 is the current stable release. However, older versions are still available for the sake of Windows 98 or Me users. It is distributed free of charge for all users including commercial bodies.

PhotoScape can perform tasks of:

• Photo Viewer: Browse and organize photos.
• Photo Editor: Enhance and balance color, resize, add effects and clip-arts.
• Photo Batch-Editor: Process multiple photos at once, rename multiple photos at once.
• Page Creator: joins multiple photos into poster-like single page or into one final photo.
• GIF Animation: Make multiple images into GIF-animated image.
• Featured Printer: Print photos for particular occasions, such as Passport photo, or lined page such as graph, calendar or music paper.
• Screen Capture: Save monitor screen into an image file.
• Color Picker: Pick color from screen pixel.
• RAW Converter: Convert RAW format picture into JPEG format.
• Face Finder: Find similar faces through internet.

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DAEMON Tools Lite

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DAEMON Tools (short for Disk And Execution MONitor tools) is avirtual drive and optical disc authoring program for Microsoft Windowsand Mac OS.

DAEMON tools was originally a successor of Generic SafeDisc emulatorand incorporated all of its features. The program claims to be able to defeat most copy protection schemes such as SafeDisc andSecuROM. It is currently compatible with Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8. DAEMON Tools has a special mode for proper operation of copies of discs with advanced protection (SafeDisc,SecuRom and LaserLock, CDCOPS, StarForce and Protect CD), which are used on some discs with games.

Six editions of the product exist: Ultra, Lite, Pro Standard, Pro Advanced, Net and DT for Mac. A feature comparison is given below.Also, company provides two additional solutions for the data storage organization: DAEMON Tools USB 2 that allows sharing different types of USB devices between remote workstations and DAEMON Tools iSCSI Target 2 - a cross-platform solution that enables creating an iSCSI storage server and provides access to virtual or physical devices, along with VHD images, within home or corporate network.

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IDM

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Internet Download Manager (also called IDM) is a sharewaredownload manager. It is only available for the Microsoft Windowsoperating system.

IDM supports the following web browsers: Internet Explorer, Opera, Netscape Navigator, Apple Safari, Flock, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and many others.

In CNET's review, IDM received a rating of 3.5 out of 5 stars with CNET concluding "Internet Download Manager strikes us as a natural choice for users in need of a trusty transfer tool".

Softpedia gave IDM a rating of 4.1 out of 5 stars with the editor stating in his review that "Internet Download Manager is a must have application for many users out there". An extended review has been done by Softpedia on March 2014, giving the software 4 of 5 stars.

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Utorrent

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µTorrent (or uTorrent, commonly abbreviated as "µT" or "uT") is afree, ad-supported, closed source BitTorrent client owned and developed by BitTorrent, Inc. It is the most widely used BitTorrent client outside China (where Xunlei is more popular.) The "µ" (Greek letter "mu") in its name comes from the SI prefix "micro-", referring to the program's small memory footprint: the program was designed to use minimal computer resources while offering functionality comparable to larger BitTorrent clients such as Vuze or BitComet. The program has received consistently good reviews for its feature set, performance, stability, and support for older hardware and versions of Windows.

The program has been in active development since its first release in 2005. Although originally developed by Ludvig Strigeus, since December 7, 2006, the code is owned and maintained by BitTorrent, Inc. The code has also been employed by BitTorrent, Inc. as the basis for version 6.0 and above of the BitTorrent client, a re-branded version of µTorrent.

µTorrent is available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, andAndroid. A µTorrent Server is also available for Linux. All versions are written in C++.

Out of general discontent with bloatware, Serge Paquet suggested toLudvig Strigeus that he should make a smaller and more efficient BitTorrent client. Strigeus began to conceptualize the plans for the program's development, which, at the time, did not include making the client feature-rich. After initially working on it for about a month during the last quarter of 2004 (the first build is dated October 17, 2004), mostly during his free time before and after work, Strigeus ceased coding µTorrent for a year. He resumed work on September 15, 2005, and three days later, the first public release (version 1.1 beta) was made available as freeware, and began generating feedback.

On March 4, 2006, PeerFactor SARL announced the signing of a six-month contract with Strigeus for the development of "new content distribution applications on the Web."^[19] PeerFactor SARL is a relatively new company formed by former employees of PeerFactor, which was a subsidiary of the French anti-piracy organization Retspan.

Ludde stated that his coding for PeerFactor SARL was to use his expertise at optimization of the BitTorrent protocol to create a .dll which PeerFactor SARL intended to use as part of a distribution platform for files in a corporate setting. At the time there was some speculation that μTorrent may have been modified to spy on users on Peerfactor's behalf,however to date (even following μTorrent's acquisition by BitTorrent, Inc.) no evidence has been produced to support these allegations.

On December 7, 2006, µTorrent was purchased by BitTorrent, Inc., as it was announced on their official forum.^[16]

On September 18, 2007, BitTorrent 6.0 was released, which is a re-branded version of µTorrent. As a result, BitTorrent 6 is closed-source (unlike BitTorrent 5.x and before, which were open source software).

Support for Magnet Links (URIs) was added in version 1.8, released on August 9, 2008.Magnet Links were designed as an alternative to traditional tracker torrent files and became popularized when sites such as The Pirate Bay included native support for the format.

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Mozilla firefox

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Mozilla Firefox (known simply as Firefox) is a free and open-source web browser developed for Windows, OS X, and Linux, with a mobileversion for Android, by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, theMozilla Corporation. Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.

As of February 2014, Firefox has between 12% and 22% of worldwideusage, making it, per different sources, the third most popular web browser.According to Mozilla, Firefox counts over 450 million users around the world.The browser has had particular success in Indonesia, Iran, Germany, and Poland, where it is the most popular browser with 55% 46%, 43% and 41% of the market share, respectively.

The Firefox project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser. To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite's software bloat, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.

Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML4 (partial HTML5), XML,XHTML, MathML, SVG 1.1 (partial), CSS (with extensions), ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and APNG (Animated PNG) images with alpha transparency Firefox also implements standards proposals created by theWHATWG such as client-side storage, and canvas element.

Firefox has passed the Acid2 standards-compliance test since version 3.0. Mozilla had originally stated that they did not intend for Firefox to pass the Acid3test fully because they believed that the SVG fonts part of the test had become outdated and irrelevant, due to WOFF being agreed upon as a standard by all major browser makers. Because the SVG font tests were removed from the Acid3 test in September 2011, Firefox 4 and greater scored 100/100.

In October 2009, Microsoft's security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was vulnerable to a security issue found in the 'Windows Presentation Foundation' browser plug-in since February of that year. A .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows Update had silently installed the vulnerable plug-in into Firefox.This vulnerability has since been patched by Microsoft.

As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3.6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia Internet Explorer 8 had five unpatched security vulnerabilities, the worst being rated "Less Critical" by Secunia. Mozilla claims that all patched vulnerabilities of Mozilla products are publicly listed.

On January 28, 2013, Mozilla was recognized as the most trusted internet company for privacy in 2012. This study was performed by the Ponemon Institute and was a result of a survey from more than 100,000 consumers in the United States.

In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable third-party cookies by default. However, the introduction of the feature was then delayed so Mozilla developers could "collect and analyze data on the effect of blocking some third-party cookies." Mozilla also collaborated with Stanford University's "Cookie Clearinghouse" project to develop a blacklist andwhitelist of sites that will be used in the filter

Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox's preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to its use across the majority of websites, the potential repercussions on non-experienced users who are unaware of its impact, along with the availability of extensions such asNoScript, which can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.

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Google chrome

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Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google. It used the WebKit layout engine until version 27 and, with the exception of its iOS releases, from version 28 and beyond uses the WebKit forkBlink. It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windowson September 2, 2008, and as a stable public release on December 11, 2008.

As of July 2014, StatCounter estimates that Google Chrome has a 45% worldwide usage share of web browsers, indicating that it is the most widely used web browser in the world.

Google releases the majority of Chrome's source code as an open-sourceproject Chromium. A notable component that is not open source is the built-in Adobe Flash Player.

Google's Eric Schmidt opposed the development of an independent web browser for six years. He stated that "at the time, Google was a small company," and he did not want to go through "bruising browser wars." After co-founders Sergey Brinand Larry Page hired several Mozilla Firefox developers and built a demonstration of Chrome, Schmidt admitted that "It was so good that it essentially forced me to change my mind."

The browser was first publicly released for Microsoft Windows (XP and later versions) on September 2, 2008 in 43 languages, officially a beta version.

On the same day, a CNET news item drew attention to a passage in the Terms of Service statement for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser. This passage was inherited from the general Google terms of service. Google responded to this criticism immediately by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed this passage from the Terms of Service.

Chrome quickly gained about 1% usage share. After the initial surge, usage share dropped until it hit a low of 0.69% in October 2008. It then started rising again and by December 2008, Chrome again passed the 1% threshold.

In early January 2009, CNET reported that Google planned to release versions of Chrome for OS X and Linux in the first half of the year.The first official Chrome OS X and Linux developer preview were announced on June 4, 2009 with a blog post saying they were missing many features and were intended for early feedback rather than general use.

In December 2009, Google released beta versions of Chrome for OS X and Linux. Google Chrome 5.0, announced on May 25, 2010, was the first stable release to support all three platforms.

Chrome was one of the twelve browsers offered to European Economic Area users of Microsoft Windows in 2010. 

Chrome was assembled from 25 different code libraries from Google and third parties such as Mozilla's Netscape Portable Runtime, Network Security Services, NPAPI, Skia Graphics Engine, SQLite, and a number of other open-source projects.^[37]The V8 JavaScript virtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (as was Adobe/Mozilla'sTamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark coordinated by Lars Bak at Aarhus. According to Google, existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important", but web applications such as Gmail "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOMmanipulations and JavaScript", and therefore would significantly benefit from a JavaScript engine that could work faster.

Chrome uses the Blink rendering engine to display web pages. Based on WebKit, Blink only uses WebKit's "WebCore" components while substituting all other components, such as its own multi-process architecture in place of WebKit's native implementation.

Chrome is internally tested with unit testing, "automated user interface testing of scripted user actions", fuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to have passed), and against commonly accessed websites inside the Google index within 20–30 minutes.

Google created Gears for Chrome, which added features for web developers typically relating to the building of web applications, including offline support.Google phased out Gears as the same functionality became available in theHTML5 standards.

On January 11, 2011 the Chrome product manager, Mike Jazayeri, announced that Chrome would remove H.264 video codec support for its HTML5 player, citing the desire to bring Google Chrome more in line with the currently available open codecs available in the Chromium project, which Chrome is based on. Despite this, on November 6, 2012, Google released a version of Chrome on Windows which added hardware-accelerated H.264 video decoding. In October 2013,Cisco announced that it was open-sourcing its H.264 codecs and will cover all fees required.

On February 7, 2012, Google launched Google Chrome Beta for Android 4.0 devices.On many new devices withAndroid 4.1 and later preinstalled, Chrome is the default browser.

On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it would fork the WebCore component of WebKit to form its own layout engine known as Blink. The aim of Blink will be to give Chrome's developers more freedom in implementing its own changes to the engine, and to allow its codebase to be trimmed of code that is unnecessary or unimplemented by Chrome.

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